在鞋材轻量化与高性能化的竞赛中，超临界发泡技术正从传统模压与化学发泡的路径中脱颖而出。其中，超临界注塑发泡因其一体化成型、流程精简和设计自由度高等优势，被业界视为鞋材发泡的“下一代技术”。
In the race for lighter and higher-performance footwear materials, supercritical foaming technology is emerging from the shadow of traditional compression molding and chemical foaming. Among its variants, supercritical injection foaming—thanks to its integrated molding, streamlined process, and greater design freedom—is regarded by the industry as the “next-generation technology” for footwear foaming.
但这项技术真的已经准备好迎接大规模量产了吗？从当前产业链各环节的进展来看——方向已定，但距离全面铺开，仍需约2至3年的时间。
But is this technology truly ready for large-scale mass production? Looking at the progress across the entire industrial chain, the direction is clear, but it will still take about two to three years before full deployment.
图源：天岗精机
Image source: Tienkang Precision Machinery.
1、技术层面Technology Level
超临界注塑发泡是是将超临界流体直接注入注塑机，实现发泡与成型一体化加工，该过程对温度、压力与注射速度的控制要求极高，参数调节不当易导致泡孔粗大、密度不均或表面缺陷。
Supercritical injection foaming involves injecting a supercritical fluid directly into the injection molding machine, integrating foaming and molding in a single step. This process imposes extremely stringent requirements on temperature, pressure, and injection speed control. Improper parameter adjustments can easily lead to coarse cell structures, uneven density, or surface defects.
设备是制约该技术落地的资金与技术壁垒，成熟的供应商主要集中在德国和台湾，单台设备造价高达100万美元，国内设备尚不成熟。此外，该技术需要要精密机械来处理高压和精确计量超临界流体气体，前期投资较高。
Equipment is a major capital and technological barrier to the adoption of this technology. Mature suppliers are mainly concentrated in Germany and Taiwan, with a single machine costing as much as US$1 million. Domestic equipment in China is still immature. Moreover, this technology requires precision machinery capable of handling high pressure and accurately metering supercritical fluid gases, resulting in high upfront investment.
天岗精机与富强鑫共同开发的GENTREX系统，采用美国Trexel公司的MuCell超临界微发泡设备，图源天岗精机
The GENTREX system, jointly developed by Tienkang and FCS , which adopts the MuCell supercritical micro‑foaming equipment from Trexel. Image source: Tienkang.
KINGSTELL supercritical injection foam top‑tier shoe‑making equipment – KS 3816‑ULTRA (top) and mass‑production equipment KS 320‑UE‑2 (bottom). Image source: KINGSTELL.
德士马超临界注塑发泡工艺，图源德士马
Desma supercritical injection foam process. Image source: Desma.
因此该工艺仍处于“爬坡期”，材料配方、模具设计、精密温控系统等环节均需持续迭代，且该技术所制鞋材尚无法满足鞋中底的高性能要求。这意味着，即使资金充裕的头部企业，在引入产线时也需承担较高的试错成本与折旧压力。
Therefore, the process is still in a “climbing phase.” Material formulations, mold design, precision temperature control systems, and other aspects all require continuous iteration. Furthermore, the footwear materials produced by this technology cannot yet meet the high-performance requirements for midsoles. This means that even well-funded industry leaders must bear considerable trial-and-error costs and depreciation pressure when introducing production lines.
2、材料限制Material Constraints
不同聚合物的熔体强度、结晶行为、气体溶解度差异显著，导致并非所有鞋材用聚合物都能与该工艺兼容，因此材料配方仍需调整。
Different polymers vary significantly in melt strength, crystallization behavior, and gas solubility, meaning that not all polymer materials used in footwear are compatible with this process. Material formulations therefore still need adjustment.
目前，国际材料巨头如巴斯夫、科思创、路博润、亨斯迈、塞拉尼斯、埃克森美孚，以及台橡、昆仲等企业均在推进兼容性配方的研发与优化，部分企业所研材料已落地。助剂方面，鼎业化工针对防污性能提供专用助剂。
Currently, major international material suppliers—such as BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Celanese, ExxonMobil, as well as TSRC and Kun-Chung—are advancing R&D and optimization of compatible formulations, with some having already commercialized materials. On the additive side, Dingye Chemical offers specialized additives for anti-soiling performance.
整体而言，材料端的配套方案正在完善，但大规模通用化仍需时间。
Overall, supporting material solutions are being developed, but large-scale general-purpose availability will still take time.
台橡超临界注塑发泡鞋材，摄于台橡展台
TSRC supercritical injection foam footwear materials, photographed at the TSRC booth.
科思创推出基于超临界发泡注塑技术的全新TPU解决方案-Desmopan® FLY
Covestro launches new TPU solution – Desmopan® FLY – based on supercritical foam injection molding technology
巴斯夫超临界注塑发泡鞋中底及一体成型鞋，摄于巴斯夫展台
BASF supercritical injection foam midsoles and one‑piece molded shoes, photographed at the BASF booth.
3、品牌与产能Brands and Production Capacity
在终端品牌层面，推进节奏呈现显著分化，品牌间接受度不一。欧美品牌如迪卡侬、Brooks等进展较快，已进入量产阶段；On Running也即将量产；日系品牌则倾向于稳健推进，尚未展开大规模布局；据悉，国内亦有知名品牌已完成中底试产。
At the end-brand level, adoption pace shows significant divergence, with varying levels of acceptance among brands. European and American brands such as Decathlon and Brooks are progressing faster and have already entered mass production; On Running is also about to start mass production. Japanese brands tend to take a more cautious approach and have not yet launched large-scale adoption. It is also reported that a well-known domestic brand in China has completed trial production of midsoles.
迪卡侬超临界注塑发泡慢跑鞋，摄于亨斯迈展台
Decathlon supercritical injection foam jogging shoes, photographed at the Huntsman booth.
产能布局上，越南、韩国已有产线落地，少数底厂已开始小批量量产，大部分底厂仍停留在研发验证阶段，对该技术持保守态度，等待技术更成熟、回报更清晰。
In terms of production capacity, production lines have already been installed in Vietnam and South Korea. A few sole manufacturers have begun small-batch mass production, but most remain at the R&D and verification stage, taking a conservative stance toward the technology and waiting for it to mature further and for returns to become clearer.
4、密度瓶颈Density Bottleneck
如果说设备与工艺是“硬门槛”，那么制品密度则是决定产品竞争力的核心指标。
If equipment and processes are the “hard thresholds,” then product density is the core indicator that determines product competitiveness.
当前，品牌方对超临界注塑中底的普遍要求是密度做到0.13 g/cm³以下，而目前量产水平多在0.2g/cm³左右，差距依然明显。因此，密度攻坚是未来两年技术突破的重中之重。
Currently, brand owners generally require supercritical injection-molded midsoles to achieve a density below 0.13 g/cm³, while the current mass-production level is still around 0.2 g/cm³—a significant gap. Therefore, density breakthrough will be the top priority for technological advancement over the next two years.
总的来说，注射超临界发泡前景明确，但设备贵、工艺难、密度攻坚仍需时间。谁能在未来两年内率先突破，谁就有机会拿到下一阶段的入场券。
In short, injection supercritical foaming has a clear future, but equipment is expensive, the process is challenging, and density optimization will still take time. Whoever can achieve the first major breakthrough in the next two years will have the best chance of securing a ticket to the next stage of competition.
德士马超临界注塑发泡鞋材制品，摄于德士马展台
Desma supercritical injection foam footwear products, photographed at the Desma booth.
5、越南超临界注塑发泡技术加速发展
Vietnam’s Accelerated Development in Supercritical Injection Foaming Technology
近年来，越南在超临界注射发泡技术领域的产业化进程备受关注，其活跃度甚至超过国内市场，主要是因为品牌战略、设备供应、可持续发展需求及自动化升级等多重因素共同作用的结果。
In recent years, Vietnam’s industrialization progress in supercritical injection foaming has attracted considerable attention, with activity levels even surpassing those of the Chinese domestic market. This is mainly driven by a combination of factors, including brand strategies, equipment supply, sustainability requirements, and automation upgrades.
当前，众多国际大牌纷纷在越南设立产线，除了上述迪卡侬、Brooks、ON Running，还有Adidas、HoKa等也积极布局该技术，总体来说欧美品牌快过日系。
Currently, numerous major international brands have set up production lines in Vietnam. In addition to Decathlon, Brooks, and On Running mentioned earlier, Adidas and Hoka are also actively deploying this technology. Overall, European and American brands are moving faster than their Japanese counterparts.
设备供应也是支撑越南超临界注塑发泡快速落地的关键环节。台湾部分设备厂商优先在海外销售设备，设备迭代快，能够灵活响应客户需求，而欧洲的设备价格更高。
Equipment supply is another critical enabler of Vietnam’s rapid adoption. Some Taiwanese equipment manufacturers prioritize overseas sales, offering faster product iterations and flexible responses to customer needs, while European equipment tends to be more expensive.
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